![]() Consequently, lists of semi-presidential countries have varied quite considerably between studies. Although semi-presidentialism as a term has been around since the 1970s, the debate about its definition and what countries to be classified as semi-presidential is still ongoing. In eastern Europe and in the former Soviet republics, semi-presidentialism has emerged as the most common regime type with presently some twenty countries having semi-presidential constitutions. With this inclusive definition, there are currently more than fifty countries in the world with a semi-presidential constitution. ![]() If we use Robert Elgie’s frequently cited definition, semi-presidentialism is where the constitution includes both a popularly elected president and a prime minister and cabinet accountable to the parliament. Semi-presidentialism has become a widespread form of government in recent decades.
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